A predatory worm that carries a neurotoxin has been recently spotted in the Toronto area.
“The hammerhead flatworms (subfamily Bipaliinae) are spectacular, by their large size, up to one meter, their distinctive colours, and the typical shape of their head which makes them easy to identify,” authors Jean-Lou Justine, Thomas Thery, Delphine Gey, and Leigh Winsor wrote.
Hammerheads can be recognized by their head, which is flat, like a hammerhead shark.
“The species actively tracks its prey, follows trails of earthworm mucus, and can capture earthworms in their tunnels,” the article said. “It can prey on earthworms 55 times larger than itself in mass.”
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The worm reproduces by laying egg capsules that take about 23 days to hatch. These eggs contain up to eight young, the authors said.
It’s considered an invasive species as it’s not native to the area and presents a threat to the local ecosystem.
The Epoch Times attempted to reach the Invasive Species Centre in Ontario but did not hear back by publication time.
Hammerhead flatworms produce the same toxin as pufferfish, Université de Montréal entomologist Étienne Normandin said, adding it can harm children.
The worms can also pose a danger to birds, dogs, and other animals, as well as the soil.
Bipalium adventitium prey on slugs, snails, and millipedes, which have an important role in recycling organic matter in the environment, Mr. Normandin said. Its presence can change the ecosystem balance.
“In France, this type of worm has had a negative impact on soil invertebrate communities. We’re slowly seeing the long-term effects of this, so we can expect similar damage to our soil fauna over the years,” he added.
According to the Zootaxa article, the discovery in Montreal is the farthest north the worm has been recorded.
“The finding in Montréal is probably the Northernmost record of B. adventitium in North America, and our observations over two years show that the species can survive winter in Québec.”
Hammerhead flatworm species do well in humid environments, according to the article.
