Russia stands today in a civilizational moment. After decades of ideological vacuum, we are again confronted with the central question: who are we, and where are we going?
Our Foreign Policy Concept formally recognizes what history long revealed: that Russia is not merely a nation but a civilizational state. Yet many Russians still cling to an outdated Western identity, ignoring the lesson first taught by Alexander Nevsky: that a one-sided orientation toward the West is not only naïve, but lethal for our sovereignty.
Russia’s roots lie in the forests and steppes of the north-east. Our present and future lie across the Eurasian-Pacific world and not in the exhausted imitation of Europe, where elites decay, nor in the turbulent post-liberal America struggling to redefine itself. Our destiny is self-defined.
To fulfill this destiny, Russia needs more than power and resilience. It needs a unifying dream. Not a bureaucratic ideology, but a living national idea capable of inspiring citizens, guiding policy, and anchoring our civilization in the coming multipolar era.
Nations do not rise without dreams. From Peter the Great’s modernizing mission to the Trans-Siberian Railway, from Soviet industrialization to the victory of 1945 and the Space Age, Russia advanced through grand projects animated by a shared belief in our future.
When these ideas faded, stagnation followed. Since the end of the Soviet period, we have lived in ideological neutrality and that’s a space our adversaries were quick to fill. Liberal assumptions of the 1990s lingered, not by conviction, but by inertia. A technocratic elite managed day-to-day affairs, yet few dared to articulate a long-term vision for the nation.
Some point to Article 13 of the Constitution, which prohibits a state ideology. But no law forbids a national dream. Call it a code, “Russian Code,” a moral-cultural compass rather than a dogma. Great countries are not built by accident. Ideas do not drift up from below; they are shaped by leaders and creative elites who feel responsibility to their people and history.
What Russia is – and is not
Russia’s dream cannot be Western. Not because we hate the West, but because defining ourselves against it keeps us imprisoned in its worldview. Nor should our idea be anti-Western; it must be post-Western. Russia is not Europe’s angry shadow, but an independent pole of civilization.
Today’s Western democracies reveal the fragility of their model. They preach pluralism while suffocating dissent; they speak of freedom while bowing to oligarchic and bureaucratic power; they export “democracy” to weaken rival states.
Democracy rejected us long before we rejected it. For Russia — a vast, multi-ethnic, nuclear-armed civilization occupying a continental landmass — Western-style democracy is neither viable nor desirable. But this is not a call for tyranny. Russia has always blended strong leadership with organic forms of popular participation; zemstvo traditions, local self-government, and civic culture rooted in community over atomized individualism.
A leadership democracy, anchored by a patriotic elite and sustained by active local participation, suits our character and geography. Authoritarianism is not the enemy of freedom; chaos is. Russia must balance firmness with intellectual liberty. As we did when Pushkin debated tsars yet served his country, when scientists challenged ideology yet built nuclear shields and spacecraft.
Material success alone does not sustain great nations. Russia endures because of spiritual depth. What Dostoevsky called “universal responsiveness,” the ability to hold Asian dreaminess and European rationality in one soul. Where modern Western culture dissolves identity into individualism and consumerism, Russia historically seeks unity, duty, dignity and truth.
Our idea rejects both hedonism and nihilism. The highest calling of a Russian citizen is service. To family, to society, to the state. A citizen who serves only himself may live here, but he is not part of our nation’s moral community. This principle is not coercion but culture; a civilization survives only when citizens feel responsible beyond themselves.
Russia’s tradition respects faith without imposing uniformity. Orthodox Christianity shapes Russian identity, yet Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are recognized pillars of national life. All who share our language, our history, and our moral commitment to the common good can be Russian.
The state and the citizen
Russia today faces challenges that require unity: war, sanctions, global instability, technological and civilizational competition. In such a world, only a strong state can defend freedom. But strength must not become indifference. The state is not a Leviathan devouring society; nor is society a rebellious adolescent scorning the father who raised it. Ours is a reciprocal duty: protection for loyalty, guidance for effort, dignity for service.
Those who dream of “global citizenship” are free to do so – provided they remain loyal to their country. Pushkin and Lermontov absorbed world culture while serving Russia. So did the heroes who defeated Nazism. Rooted cosmopolitanism, not rootless internationalism, is our tradition.
Russia now stands as a pole of sovereignty in a world breaking from liberal-globalist dogma. The Western project of a “world government” run by technocrats, transnational corporations and NGOs has stalled. It cannot solve global challenges; it cannot inspire peoples; it cannot even preserve its own unity. A pendulum swings back toward national sovereignty and cultural authenticity.
This is why liberal elites fear Russia; not merely for its military power, but because it rejects their moral monopoly. We defend values the West once held: family, faith, dignity, historical continuity, the natural bond between parent and child, the right to one’s culture and nationhood. These are not “conservative” values but human ones.
Russia’s dream rests on several pillars:
• Civilizational sovereignty, the right to choose our path.
• Moral and spiritual revival, placing duty above indulgence.
• Leadership democracy: unity under strong, accountable leadership.
• Meritocratic patriotism, elevating talent loyal to the nation.
• Cultural and religious openness, unity without uniformity.
• Reconnection with our land, from European Russia to Siberia and the Pacific.
• Service to humanity: defending plural civilization against homogenizing globalism.
Our vision is expansive: a northern Eurasian civilization bridging continents, advocating multipolarity, cultural diversity, and human-centered development. We build not domination but sovereignty; not uniformity but harmony; not isolation but partnership.
Russia’s future slogan is clear: Forward – toward our origins, toward ourselves. Toward the Pacific, toward Siberia, toward new horizons. A civilization that survived Mongol invasions, serfdom, revolution, world war and ideological collapse does not crumble; it renews.
We are a people who defend peace through strength, who liberated others and never surrendered our soul. We are a civilization that values nature, community, duty, creativity and compassion. Our heroes are builders, soldiers, scientists, teachers and workers. We reject racism, worship neither money nor nihilism, and believe freedom without responsibility is emptiness.
Russia again stands at the threshold of a great historical cycle. We do not seek to recreate the past. We seek to fulfil our civilizational destiny and to remain ourselves while inspiring others, to build a just and diverse world, to grow in spirit while mastering earth and space.
We are Russians, in all the vast meanings of that word. And our dream is not only to endure, but to lead with dignity, confidence and purpose.
This article was first published by Russia in Global Affairs, translated and edited by the RT team
